One of the most questioned aspects of the CSALT model of global temperature is the LOD to Temperature factor. This creates a multi-decadal variation in temperature useful for optimizing a multiple-linear regression AGW model dependent on CO2 and other factors.
Lunisolar tides impact variations in Length-of-Day (LOD). So does ENSO and QBO. There is a recursive aspect to these relationships as well, since both LOD and ENSO have the same Chandler wobble match in apparent forcing periodicity. This is what I believe generates a 6-year signal that gets identified routinely in the LOD time-series, such as the latest finding in ref [1] below.
From ref [1], the 6-year signal in LOD series. Counting cycles this is close to an average 6.25 year period, close to the 6.4 year Chandler wobble angular momentum variation.
Now we can add this paper by Marcus [2] to the mix. This is a very detailed look at the correlation between long-range LOD variations (longer than the 6-year variation of Ref [1]) and global surface temperature. His application of a 5-year running mean is essentially similar to a 5-year lag that works as a best fit in the CSALT model. Marcus stops short of assigning a source cause for the LOD-to-Temperature correlation, but the general idea is that angular momentum variations are the forcing terms that slosh the sources of heat to the surface — “via core-induced rotational and/or related global-scale processes”. (I also have to note that Marcus is an independent researcher, who at one time had an affiliation with NASA JPL.)
From Marcus [2], correlation of LOD against various temperature indices.
References
[1] Duan, Pengshuo, Genyou Liu, Lintao Liu, Xiaogang Hu, Xiaoguang Hao, Yong Huang, Zhimin Zhang, and Binbin Wang. 2015. “Recovery of the 6-Year Signal in Length of Day and Its Long-Term Decreasing Trend.” Earth, Planets and Space 67 (1): 1.
[2] Marcus, Steven L. 2015. “Does an Intrinsic Source Generate a Shared Low-Frequency Signature in Earth’s Climate and Rotation Rate?” Earth Interactions 20 (4): 1–14. doi:10.1175/EI-D-15-0014.1.
GeoEnergy Math 
And the lunar cycle may extend to earthquake triggering:
Spring tides trigger tremors deep on California’s San Andreas fault
which takes from this PNAS paper written by USGS scientists:
Fortnightly modulation of San Andreas tremor and low-frequency earthquakes
This is a chart representing the salient features of their argument. Stress builds up over time but the lunar tidal influence provides forcing excursions on ~two-week periods that can cause an earthquake.
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And this important paper, just found:
Shen, Wenbin, and Cunchao Peng. 2016. “Detection of Different-Time-Scale Signals in the Length of Day Variation Based on EEMD Analysis Technique.” Special Issue: Geodetic and Geophysical Observations and Applications and Implications 7 (3): 180–86. doi:10.1016/j.geog.2016.05.002.
Great table repro’d here:
Frequencies and amplitudes of different ΔLOD signals.Frequency (cpy)PeriodAmplitude (ms)Causes/Authors39.999.13 d0.12Solid earth tide/Seize & Schuh (2010) [40]26.74..26.7413.7 d..13.70 d–0.19Lunar tides/Wahr (1988) [6]Lunar tides/This study13.18..13.2627.7 d..27.50 d–0.19Lunar tides/Wahr (1988) [6]Lunar tides/This studyAbout 2.00..2.10About 182 d .. 181.80 dAbout 0.3..0.22Solar tides and ocean currents/Rosen (1993) [5], Hopfner (1996) [33]Solar tides and ocean currents/This studyAbout 1.0..0.99About 365 d..370.40 dAbout 0.30.18Solar tides and ocean currents/Rosen (1993) [5], Hopfner (1996) [33]Solar tides and ocean currents/This studyAbout 0.41..0.44About 2.42yr..2.28yr–0.03Quasi-biennial oscillation in the stratosphere/Chao B F (1989) [9]Unknown/This studyAbout 0.17..0.18About 6yr..5.48yrAbout 0.12..0.05Exchange of angular momentum between the mantle and inner core/Mound & Buffet (2003) [12]Exchange of angular momentum between the mantle and inner core/This study0.0713.69 yr0.10Unknown/This study“—” denote that the data is unavailable.
These all complement the forcing periods used in the ENSO model, in particular the last value of 13.69 years fits in well with the 14y value identified as a triaxial wobble term. I posted this to the Azimuth Project forum, but will post to this blog as well.
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And they reference this work, which I said in a previous post was an essential finding on the strict biennial signal:
Pan, Y.; Shen, W.-B.; Ding, H.; Hwang, C.; Li, J.; Zhang, T. The Quasi-Biennial Vertical Oscillations at Global GPS Stations: Identification by Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition. Sensors 2015, 15, 26096-26114.
The takeaway message is that all the forcing components that I resolve with the ENSO model, are measured by other means — either from traditional LOD or from this new high resolution GPS technique.
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And another recent paper connecting up LOD, Chandler Wobble, and Temperature
Zotov, Leonid, C. Bizouard, and C.K. Shum. 2016. “A Possible Interrelation between Earth Rotation and Climatic Variability at Decadal Time-Scale.” Special Issue: Geodetic and Geophysical Observations and Applications and Implications 7 (3): 216–22. doi:10.1016/j.geog.2016.05.005.
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Flood and runoff cycles, recall the 2.33 year flood return cycle?
Zhang, Hong-Bo, Wen-Cheng Huang, Qiu-Yi Xi, Bin Wang, and Tian Lan. 2016. “ASSESSMENT ON LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS OF RUNOFF AND ITS CLIMATE DRIVING FACTORS.” Journal of Marine Science and Technology 24 (2): 329–37.
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Re the 6 year period, a Sidorenkov paper [link below] says:
‘It is well known that the lunar nodes precess westward around the ecliptic, completing a revolution in 18.6 years. Lunar perigee moves eastward, completing a revolution in 8.85 years. Because of these opposite motions, a node meets a perigee in exactly in 6 years.’
Click to access Sidorenkov.pdf
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